Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ‘Kapandı’


Temsilciler Meclisi dün (Pazartesi) üç kez geçici bütçe tasarısını, ‘Obamacare’ adıyla da bilinen Sağlık Reformu’nun yürürlüğe girmesini geciktirecek şekilde onayladı. Senato ise, bu tasarıları bu haliyle geri çevirdi. Başkan Obama, Sağlık Reformu’nun çıkarılmasına öncülük etmişti.
Temsilciler Meclisi ve Senato, gecenin geç saatlerine kadar çalışmasına rağmen Sağlık Reformu’nu geçici bütçenin dışında tutma konusunda anlaşamadı. Bugün yürürlüğe girmesi öngörülen reform, sağlık sigortası almaya gücü yetmeyen on milyonlarca Amerikalı için devlet tarafından sübvanse edilmiş sağlık sigortası seçenekleri sunuyor.
Sağlık Reformu’nun uygulamaya geçiş tarihini ertelemek isteyen Cumhuriyetçiler, yasa nedeniyle ortaya çıkabilecek kamu harcamalarına kaynak ayırmaya karşı. Demokratlar ise, sağlık reformunun yasalaştığına dikkati çekiyor ve yoksullara ucuz ve devlet tarafından sübvanse edilen sağlık sigortası alma şansı tanıdığı için destek veriyor.
Cumhuriyetçiler ise reform paketinin karmaşık olduğunu ve yürürlüğe girebilecek durumda olmadığını söylüyorlar. Cumhuriyetçiler, özellikle küçük işletmeler üzerinde ek bir yük getireceği ve yeni vergilere yol açacağı gerekçesiyle yasanın ekonomiyi de olumsuz yönde etkileyeceği görüşünü savunuyor.
Kongre’nin geçici bütçe üzerinde zamanında anlaşamaması, 1 Ekim tarihinden itibaren harcama yetkisi kalmayan federal hükümetin faaliyetlerinin tamamen olmasa da kısmen durması anlamına geliyor. Kapanma yürürlükte olduğu sürece Amerikan devleti, acil olmayan tüm personelini zorunlu olarak ücretsiz izne çıkaracak.
Başkan Barack Obama, kapanma yürürlüğe girdikten sonra ülke dışında görev yapan Amerikan askerlerine hitaben özel bir konuşma yaptı ve askerlerin her koşulda görevini sürdüreceğini açıkladı. Obama Kongre’nin sorumluluğunu yerine getirmediğini söyledi.
Obama, ayrıca akşam saatlerinde yaptığı açıklamasında federal hükümetin kapanmasına izin vermenin ‘sorumsuzluğun zirvesi’ olduğunu, ülkenin zaten toparlanmaya çalışan ekonomisinin çarklarına çomak sokmak anlamına geldiğini söyledi.
Obama, çıkarılmasında öncülük ettiği Sağlık Reformu’na ödenek vermek istemeyen Cumhuriyetçi Partililer’i, partinin aşırı sağcı kesimini tatmin etmeye çalışmak ve kaybettikleri 2012 Başkanlık Seçimi’nin rövanşını almaya çalışmakla suçladı.
Başkan, tüm ülkenin federal hükümetin kapatılmasının etkilerini hissedeceğini, kamu görevlilerinin maaşlarının ödenmeyeceğini ve Amerikan vatandaşlarının hayati olabilecek bazı kamu hizmetlerinden mahrum kalacağını hatırlattı.
Zorunlu ücretsiz izine çıkarılacak memur sayısı bir milyonun üzerinde. Devlet kapanırsa, müze ve parklar kapalı kalacak, vergi ve pasaport daireleri dahil birçok kamu kurumu Amerikalılara hizmet veremeyecek.
Amerikan hükümeti en son 1995 yılında, Demokrat Partili başkan Bill Clinton’ın birinci döneminde, yine Cumhuriyetçi Parti’nin denetimindeki Kongre’yle yaşanan anlaşmazlık sonucu kapanmıştı. Kapanma 28 gün sürdü.
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